PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

Ali his life vvas fırmly connected vvith the thoughts of the future ofTurkey and the Turkish people. His main problem vvas to include Turkeyand its population into modern civilization.From his childhood he dreamed to conduct such reforms in Turkeyvvhich vvould turn his country into a strong and developled state.Kemal Atatürk vvas born on the lOth of December 1881 in Salonika,in the family of an official. Atatürk's father Ali Riza Efendi died in 1888and his mother Zubeidie Hanim died in 1923.Atatürk get the primary education in a private school. When he became12 years old, he vvas sent to a military progymnasium in Salonika,then he continued to study also at a military secondry school, in 1899 hebecame an officer. Beginning from 1902 he vvas a student of the istanbulMilitary Academy vvhich he gradiuated in 1905 and became a commanderof the Turkish Army.At the military school Kemal Atatürk took an interest in the ideas ofTurkish bourgeois nationalists of Tanzimat period. He became an activepartiacipant of the departures of oppositionally disposed officers against.Sultan Abdulhamid II.Kemal Atatürk and his follovvers considered it necessary to overthrovvthe Turkish empire and to establish good relations vvith neighbouringcountries.The defeat in the First World War caused a difficult situation in Turkey.On the 30th of October, 1918 the Great Britain and the governmentof Sultan Turkey signed a peace treaty. The peace treaty gave a right tothe countries of Atlanta to lead their troops in the Bosphorus and Dardanellesstraits, to occupy strategical points near the straits, According tothe peace treaty Turkey had to vvithdravv its troops from ali Arabian regions,Iran and the Transcaucasus. Alliad povvers got a right to engageBaku and Batumi vvhich vvere earlier occupied by Turkey in 1918. TheTurkish empire found itself before the danger to lose its state. But itwasn't in the interests of Atlanta to defeat Turkey completely as Atlantaconsidered Turkey to become in the future the povverful bridge-headagainst the increasing possible aggression in the Caucasus and in the NearEast.The young Kemal Atatürk understood that the peace treaty createdthe danger for existence of the Turkish State. He noted that the FirstWorld War caused the impoverishment of the Turkish people and that itvvas necessary the selfless struggle to keep the independence of Turkey.He had a capable of observation and foresight. He could think analyticallyand operatively decided the most complicated problems. He united ali300