PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

3. The Law on the closing down of dervish convents and mausoleums,and the abolition of the offıce of keepers of tombs, andthe Law on the abolition and prohibition of certain titles, of November30, 1941 (1925).4. The conduct of the act of marriage according to article 110 of theCivil Code of February 17, 1926, No. 743.5. The Law concerning the adoption of international numberals ofMay 20, 1928, No. 1288.6. The Law concerning the adoption and application of the Turkishalphabet, of November 1, 1928, No. 1353.7. The law on the abolition of titles and appellation such as efendi,bey, of November 26, 1934, No. 2590.8. The law concerning the prohibition to wear certain garments, ofDecember 3, 1934, No 2596.After the proclamation of the Second Republic, formation of coalitiongovernments became a permanent feature of Turkish polity. After thefırst coalition experiment of coalition government during 1961-65, theJustice Party won parliamentary majority in 1965 and 1969 elections. Butby late 1960s political violence and terrorism engulfed Turkey. Thearmed forces intervened indirectly to maintain law and order and affectedconstitutional changes to expand povvers of governments. But political instabilityremained due to vveak coalition governments. Armed forcesagain intervened in 1980 to vveed out grovving political violence and terrorism.Faced vvith diffıcult situations and crisis experienced in past, the1982 Constitution vvas framed to provide political stability and effectivegovernment. Under this Constitution, the fundamental objective and dutyof the State is to safeguard the independence and integrity of democraticTurkish nation and to ensure the welfare, peace, and happiness of theindividual and society 3 . Like its predecessor the 1982 Constitution includesa detailed bili of rights covering the social, economic and politicalrights and liberties of citizens..So much of involvement and efforts in framing constitutions havecertainly contributed to State-society building. It is, hovvever, said that alisuch political activism of pro-Kemalism elites (military, bureaucracy, intelligentsiaand press) is aimed at strengthening the Kemalist Establishmentand to marginalise periphery in governance. Certainly the TurkishState has given priority to Kemalism. For example, 1924 Constitution assumedthat only the nation holds the right to sovereignty. On a politicalbasis, the nation is represented by th TGNA, and the sovereignty of thenation cames from its povver of legislation, execution and judgement. UnderArticle 4 of the 1961 Constitution, sovereignty is vested in the TurkishNation. The Nation shall exercise its sovereignty through the author-3. Paul M. Pitman III, ed., Turkey:A Country Study.656