PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

Local governments work in harmony vvith the policies of the centralgovernment. The centre stili adhered to the notion that the central and localgovernments together formed a unified entity. Thus in fınancial matterthe local government remained totally dependent upon the Centralgovernment. Despite the dominance of the central goverment över localadministration, the latter have been able to cater to the needs of people atthe grassroots level. People learned the intricate mechanism of engagingin consultation, debate, organization, formulation of policies, fınancialand manpower planning for election campaign, respecting rules of thegame of a civilized country, through the process of small town politics.The same process has been maintained on the village level even in a morelively atmosphere. 14IndiaSeventy percent rural areas of India vvith 646,000 villages are basicrealities to recognise the importance of local self government and democraticgovernance. Father of Indian nation, Mahatma Gandhi had askedIndian people to go to villages vvhere souİ of India lives. Historic 73rdand 74th Amendments, 1992 provided constitutional status and legitimacyto local governing bodies namely Panchayats and Nagarpalikas vvith arole in plan formulation and development.Local administration in India is the heritage of Indian civilization.Panchayats (village level) have existed since earliest times. The PanchayatRaj system covers the village, the block (Tehsil-Taluk, consisting of 20to 60 villages) and the district, and the Nagarpalika (district council)serves tovvns and cities. Under the three-tier system of Panchayat Raj,Village Panchayat is an executive body of the village. The Panchayat hasan elected Chairman, knovvn as Sarpanch. The Panchayat is accountableto the general body of the village knovvn as Gram Sabha. Village Panchayatperforms functions including settlement of minör disputes. TheBlock forms the hub of the developmental vvork. Panchayat Samiti existsat the bloc level, vvhich consists of elected members belonging to the villagePanchayats, and different sections of society. The Samiti coordinatesthe vvork of the various Panchayats in its jurisdiction. It serves a usefultraining ground for the political leaders for higher responsibilities at thedistrict and State levels. The highest developmental agency in the state isthe Zila Parishad vvhich consists of representatives of the Panchayat Samitis,ali the members of the State Legislature and Parliament representingthe district level Officers, representation of vvomen, Scheduled Castesand Scheduled Tribes. The Parishad coordinates the activities of PanchayatSamitis.Since 1959, "democratic decentralization" has been gradually extendedali över India for the revitalization of this grass root democratic in-14. Aydin Yalcin, n.10.663