PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

gory of illustrious people that completely addicted themselves to themodernization of Turkey. Since the first steps tovvards the country transformation,Turkey had the necessary features of a modern state; a) a nationalstate independent and compact out of the subordinate or superintendencecomplecities towards the others (for the first time in history Turkeycomes as a nation-state with a homogenity; 95 per cent of the populationwere Turks); b) popular sovereignty (the overthrow of the sultanate; liquidationof caliphate, proclamation of the republic confirming the separatepowers into the government); c) the undertaking of new governmentalfunctions connected to the legal guarantee of human rights and providementof general welfare (the approval of a ne w constitution; offıcialismof Atatürks principles).On the framevvork of a whole institutional detachment from theold empirial past, the Atatürk's propensities created the base of a newpolitical culture. His propensities reflected ali the activities of the future.The acceptance and the assimilation of the western civilization valueswere the prior purposes of the Ataturk's reforms. He said; "civilizationis the West, the modern world, Turkey must be a part of it if countryhas to survive. The nation has to apply explicitly in form and contain alithe manners that civilization offers to ali nations".Speaking about the western civilization he does not mean only themodern technology of production but also the embracement and the applicationof western ideals. These ideals setting on the bases of modernizationand durable systems were much concerned to the modern politicalculture and to the systems of government.The reverse case, the totalitarian regime gives and example of thepolitical culture as a ideological indoctrination imposed to the people.This phenomenon was accompanied by the acceptance of an uniqueideology; the marxism-leninism ideology, and by the submission towardsthe party-state will, things that created a whole barrier between twoworlds, forcing people to believe that the western world was an hostileone.The broad masses of the people in Turkey attempted, for the firsttime a defined distinction between state field of activity and social fıeldof activity. This distinction is one of the fundamental features of the modernstate. Such a state pretends to regulate or to control the economic, culturalor social activity without absorbing it.One of the Ataturk's principles was "etatism". It is concerned to thestate role in economy. its execution required creation of the state sector.Different authors have reached the conclusion that "etatism" of Atatürk42