PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

ATATÜRK, ANZAC AND AUSTRALıAProf. Duncan Bruce WATERSON*The purpose of this paper is to make a few short points on a relationship- short but deep - that is historically signifıcant for both countries.An unusual set of historical conjunctions has occurred betvveen the Republieof Turkey founded in 1923 and the Commonwealth of Avustraliaestablished by a federation of six British settler colonies in 1901.So, vvithin four years both Turkey and Australia have commemoratedsignifıcant milestones in their emergence as tvventieth-century nationstates: Turkey on this year 1998 and Australia on 2001. By then the Commonvvealthof Australia may well have become, like Turkey, a republieand, while other political and economic forces have promoted constitutionalinertia, a national referendum on the issue has been promised bythe federal government.It should also be made clear that vvhile Australia is a federation ofsix former British colonies, each vvith their ovvn legislatures and vvith aCommonvvealth Parliament in Canberra 1 , Turkey since 29 October 1923is a uniform state. Australia, vvhile it does not have the povverful StateCouncils of Turkey and nothing resembling the povverful stabilizing roleof the military that exists in Turkish democracy does, by virtue of its1901 Constitution, maintain a Governor-General vvith, as vvas demonstratedon 11 November 1975, povverful reserve povvers 2 . Furthermore, theHigh Court of Australia is increasingly influencing public policy in matterssuch as Aboriginal land rights, environmental concerns and antidiseriminatorylegislation 3 . Finally, Australian legal institutions and practicesare firmly based on the English Common Lavv vvhile Turkey, as is* Macquarie University, School of History, Philosophy & Politics, Sidney.1. Howard, Colin, Australia's Constitution, Melbourne, 1985. McMinn, W.G., TheConstitutional History of Australia, Sydney, 1979.2. Brovvning, H.O., The 1975 Crisis. An Historical View, Sydney, 1985; Dutton, G., RepublicanAustralia?, Melbourne, 1977; Sexton, M., Illusions of Povver. The Fate ofReform Government, Sydney, 1979.3. Reynolds, H., The Law of the Land, Ringvvood, nevv ed. 1992.689