PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

titles for disobedience to Sultan's order, and he vvas sentemed to death bycourt-martial.In spite of this Kemal Atatürk turned Anatolia into a centre of national-liberationmovement. He gathered around himself patriotically disposedpeople, at whose direct participation the "freedom-saving Society"vvas established, and on vvhich Kemal Atatürk took an active part. Thissociety presented a \vhole program of conducting a fight against the invadersandthe country's liberation. On July, 21, 1919 a secret meeting ofsome army corps commanders, vvhich decided to convene an A11-. Turkeycongress in Sivas, vvith the purpose of elaborating a program of the nationalmovement, and cali a meeting of the Turkish eastern vilayets rightsdefend society in Erzurum. This meeting vvas going on from July, 23,1919 till August, 7. Before the opening of the meeting Kemal Atatürkvvas elected president of the eastern vilayets right defence committe. Andin Sivas, in September 1919, at the All-Turkey congress, the committeeof patriotic forces vvas elected vvith Kemal Atatürk at the head. This committeebecame, in fact, provisional government of Turkey. Because of thetreacherous policy of Sultan and his goverment the representational committeheaded by Mustafa Kemal, officially took över the function of theprovisional goverment, so that they could be in readiness for the fightagainst the occupants. On March, 19, 1920, the representational committeeadopted a resolution to convene a national assembly in Ankara. Theassembly (mejlis) vvas convened in the April of 1919, in Ankara. Out of175 participants of mejlis 116 deputees vvere the supporters of KemalAtatürk.The declaration says the follovving. On the reasons of convocationthe national assembly: Turks are a nation, vvhich decided to take up thevvhole povver in its hands, restore its legislative state, retain state independenceand for this reason it convened a national assembly in Ankara. Thenational assembly declared the independence of Turkey and its integrity.Mustafa Kemal Pasha vvas elected the first chairman of the natinonal assembly.And on May, 3, 1920, the government vvas formed vvith MustafaKemal Atatürk at the head. The national assembly cancelled ali prior statutes,agrements and legislative acts adopted by the Sultan's goverment.Of course, such situation vvas absolutely inadmissible for Antantaand they started to activate levers against Kemal Atatürk and his authorities.In April 1920 at the instigation of outside forces Cherkez and Abazrevolts began in Turkey. Antanta also instigated Greece and promised itgreat help in its fıght against Turkey putting forvvard territorial claims.At first the Greek army vvas successful and it broke far into Turkey,hovvever, thanks to Kemal Atatürk's military talent the Turkish army, inan unequal fıght, on March, 31, 191 vvon a victory över the Greek army,302