PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

acceptance by Europe along vvith its positive influence on the Eastern aspectof the continent vvill create a peaceful zone for the skirmish tendenciesof the tvvo cultural worlds. Furthermore, the European model will regainvalue in the Islamic vvorld.The Müslim Countries and Kemalist ReformsThe Kemalist reforms vvill in reality play an important role in the futureof the Müslim countries. The Liberation War set the concept of 'nationhood'against the existence of 'Ümmet' or (religious community atlarge). Kemalism, in contrast to the theocratic or semi-theocratic regimesis based on popular sovereignty. Kemalism has thus ended the politicalexploitation of public desires and has provided an effective model for atransition to democracy. In the Müslim countries vvhere people do not riseup against religious domination, democracy can be established throughKemalist policies.Those Müslim offıcers and intellectuals seeking means to realisepopular sovereignty can find the appropriate political model and methodin Kemalism. The influence of Kemalism in establishing laicism and democracysurpasses that of the West. For example Algeria very close toand under the influence of Europe, has never been able to attain thedemocratic and laic conditions of Turkey. Despite its efforts since 1962,France has not been able to influence the political climate in Algeria, asthe Kemalists's approach "against the people, for the people" could.Kemalism has ensured the rebirth of islam. At the start of the 1920'sTurkey's understanding of islam vvas frozen in a semi-theocratic order.Given the countervveight of the Sharia and religious education, the religiousorders, temples and superstitions vvere comfortably afloat.Kemalism, by bringing an end to the religious organisations, hasmaintained the Quran as the only source of islam. The translation of theQuran has enabled the people to go directly to the source for spiritualguidance. This, together vvith the organisation of religious affairs, and therenovation of the mosques, has brought religion to the level of the people.Thus, Atatürk defended an islam vvhich allovved for the dignity ofthe mind and positive thinking of the individual and explained that "for afaith to be natural it has to be compatible vvith the mind, and the logic ofknovvledge and technology. Our religion harbours ali of this" 18 . For islamto reestablish its true spiritual place, the removal of religious men and in-18. Akil Aksan, Citations de Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Ankara, 1982,p. 54.327