PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

epresent various interests and constituencies. This is possible onlythrough the emergenee of an assertive society which develops its own dynamicsof representing its demands. Thus "political pluralism vvhich doesnot allovv any single person or institution to dominate the vvhole societyhas been deeply ingrained in Turkish social structure. Even the most povverfullorganised social institution such as the armed forces, have notfound it impossible to run the country beyond a limited period of time. Asa result of social, economic and political developments Turkish societyhas become complex and pluralistic, and its problems became utterly unsuitablefor military solutions." 11One of the signifîcant contributions of the Democrats in Turkish polityvvas the institutionalization of a viable alternative political party orparties in place of dominant single Republican People's Party. Even themilitary takeover could not overlook the necessity of multiparty politicsin Turkey. The tvvo most crucial decades (1960-80) in Turkish politicsvvere dominated by either the centre-right Justice Party or the coalitiongovernments or the minority government. After 1983 elections, again thecentre-right Motherland Party and True Path Party headed the government.But since 1991, the dominant phase of coalition politics has begun.Coalition politics certainly creates political instability due to frequent failof governments and mid-term elections causing high expenditure. But italso provides opportunities to more than one political parties to sharepovver at the Centre. It can promote cooperation among different partiesto rule in national interest.IndiaSocio-cultural and regional diversities have alvvays been catalyst inthe democratisation process of India. Having a strong historical backgroundof 'unity in diversity' and a successful collective mass movementagainst British colonialism, the framers of the Indian Constitution and theIndian National Congress envisaged federal-democratic model of governanceconducive to pluralist Indian society. Hovvever, the Indian NationalCongress maintained one-party rule both at the Centre and in the statestill 1967. The Fourth general election (1967) vvas a breakthrough in Indianpolitical panorama in vvhich several non-Congress and regional politicalparties formed their ovvn cabinets and coalition governments in severalstates. In India, federal polity vvhich subscribes to dual polity at thecentre/national and state/regional levels, political parties contest electionsto form goverments in centre and states. Earlier, the Indian National Congressvvas a dominant ruling party ruling at the centre and in majority ofthe states. This vvas the period vvhen regional political parties and non-Congress parties began to increase their influence över Indian electoratesvvho perceived them as an alternative to the Congress government. Reli.Ibid.660