PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

gional political parties were also perceived as more democratic and representativeinstitutions of political participation. Whereas non-Congress politicalparties (national parties) came out with more pluralistic and socialistpackage to show their vitality in Indian national politics.Multiparty politics gave a setback to the dominant Congress Party byforming the Janta Party coalition government at the Centre in 1977 elections.Non-Congress parties (including regional parties) also formed theirgovernments in Indian states. Similarly the National Front-Left Front coalitiongovernment at the Centre (1989-90) vvas the assertion of the periphery.After 1996 general elections, the United Front (an umbrella organizationof 17 political parties, mostly regional parties) minority governmentremained in povver at the Centre for 18 months. The UF vvas given outsidesupport by the Congress Party. And at present, it is Bharatiya JanataParty (BJP) led coalition government at the Centre in vvhich many regionalparties are sharing povver. For the first time in the history of Indian democracy,the BJP, a Hindu (religious) nationalist party, vvon 182 seats(out of 545) in the Lok Sabha (Lovver House) of Parliament.Coalition politcs in India has unique dimensions. Primarily there hasbeen grand coalition of as many as 17 and 18 parties. Next, such coalitionsvvere based on different forces opposed to one another. This has resultedinto temporary and long lasting compromise betvveen central andregional parties, betvveen rightist and secular parties and betvveen smallestand biggest parties. This tendency has provided strength to the democratizationprocess. Thus coalition politics has enabled even smaller partiesand groups to share povver at the Centre and in the states. In this politicalprocess, different segments of Indian society have begun to experiencedemocratic rule. Such experiences — coalition governments, minoritygovernments (both at the Centre and in the states), consolidation of regionalpolitical parties and frequent mid-term elections have resulted intopolitical instability but at the same time such experiments have strengthenedthe roots of democratic governance and political participation. Thishas finally resulted in building state-society relationship.Therefore, coalition politics can also be considered as a very constructivepolitical development in Turkey and India. Coalition of partieshas vvidened the social base of governance vvith the attributes of the participationof periphery. Coalition governments have been the remedy forrecurrent demands of different groups and states/provinces. Coalition institutionalizesthe norms of democratic governance and many conflictsand tensions are resolved smoothly vvithin the coalition rim. This ultimatelymaintains equilibrium betvveen state and society.Democratic GovernanceThe successful vvorking of democracy and state-society relationshiprequire association of the people at the various levels of administration.661