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Perhaps a few further comparisons betvveen the dual experiences ofour tvvo countries may vvell be useful. Both nations have emerged fromvanished Empires, although in a different context. Turkey became a Republiein 1923 - Australia stili has Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain asQueen of Australia although there is a strong republican movement albeitdivided on constitutional issues 13 . Turkey is to ali intents and purposes aunitary state vvith certain regional problems. Australia is a federation vvithseveral tiers of government, an uneven taxation system, a steady erosionof states' povvers and vvith, as noted, grovving friction betvveen the metropolisand the countryside.Both countries dravv for historical sustenance on the Gallipoli experience.Not only in Turkey's case because of the critical role of Atatürk insaving the day on at least three occasions vvhen the Allied forces vvereclose to breaking the Turkish lines. The great Australian vvar historian,C.E.W. Bean, had, as early as 1921, paid, in the fırst of his monumentalvolumes, a unique tribute to Atatürk as "a man of fine qualities both ofjudgement and decision.... Whoseswift determination, and that alone, vvhich had prevented the Australian &Nevv Zealand Army Corps from reaching the all-important height of ChanukBair. By his action, the exhausted invader, after an effort almost passing humanendurance vvas completely hemmed in by a formidable force under a formidableleader... 14Three years later, in his second volume on the Gallipoli campaign,Bean reinforced this judgement vvith comments he seldom made aboutgenerals, either friends or foes:... the advance from Anzac vvas for a second time barred by the greatest leader onthe Eastem front... his determination, his directness and the influence of his single-mindedpatriotism... had a decisive influence on the campaign ... Australianofficers vvho faced him aftervvards in Palestine found him a straightfonvrd andhonourable opponent 15 .The British historian of the campaign, C.F. Aspinall-Oglander, vvaseven more laudatory eight years later, praising Atatürk's "outstandinggenius for command" and stating that13. Hirst, John, A Republican Manifesto, Melbourne, 1994; Winterton, George, "Can aRepublie Work?"', independent Monthly, 1992, pp.8-21.14. Bean, C.E.W„ The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18, Voli, TheStory of Anzac: The First Phase, Sydney, 1921, pp.449, 452.15. Bean II, Sydney, 1924, p.718.693