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India's struggle against the British rulers, Turks fought against invadingforces of Allied powers and indigenous institution of power, i.e., Sultan.This is a very historic and ceremonial year — 75th year of the TurkishRepublic and 5İst year of India's independence. Hovvever, both thecountries — Turkey and India began the political experience of democracy,raultiparty politics and free elections in 1950 and 1952 respectively.The only difference is that the Turkish Republic introduced freecompetitiveelections after 27 years of its establishment whereas in Indiacompetitive elections were held soon after seeking independence in 1947.Hovvever, it is a fact that Turkey and India have established historicprecedents to perpetuate democratic institutions and experiences in orderto strengthen state-society relationship. Moreover, their commitment tosocio-economic development, diversification of economy, expansion ofopportunities, improved communications, increased freedom of expressionand opening up of the political system have contributed to the developmentof a more pluralist society. They have also developed variousmechanisms to process smooth relationship betvveen state and society.There are follovving factors vvhich have been instrumental in the processof state-society building in Turkey and India.ConstitutionIt is a supreme institutional document and a collection of principlesaccording to vvhich the povvers of the government, the rights of the governed,and the relations betvveen the tvvo are adjusted. Both Turkey andIndia have a strong legacy of constitution-making and participatory politics.Supremacy of Constitution is the main attribute of democratic governancein both the countries. Moreover, their Constitutions have evolvedthrough a long process of historical experiences and political-legal necessities.Judiciary has played role of guardian for upholding the Constitutionin India and Turkey. Moreover, Turkish armed forces claim to haveplayed the role of guardian too.Turkish ExperienceDuring the Ottoman's last phase, constitutional experiments vveremade in 1876, 1909 and 1921. After defeating the occupying forces ofAllied povver and the istanbul government of the Ottomans, Turkish nationalistKemal Atatürk drafted the Turkish constitution in 1924 vvhichestablished a parliamentary republic vvith ali povvers concentrated in theTurkish Grand National Assembly. The enumeration of individual rightsand freedoms vvere taken from most liberal European constitutions 1 . In1. VValter F„ Weiker, The Turkish Revolution 1960-1961, Washington, The Brookingsinstitution, 1963, p.65.654