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trict in the earlier 1927 census. If earlier data had been available, theywould have shown even higher proportions of residents born elsewhere,because of deaths of migrants and new births from 1927 to 1935. This hasthe effect of adding numbers born in the districts and subtracted some migrants.Had1922 fıgures been available, the percentage of migrants in thepopulations might have increased by 25% or more. (For example, the proportionof migrants in Edirne Province in 1922 was probably at least50%).Prior to the wars, the Anatolian Turks had primarily been a settledpeople. Despite often temporary migration for work and military service,most Anatolian Turks continued to live in the same regions as their forefathers.This vvas especially true of vvomen. Novv masses of people hadmoved permanently. For many, as vvill be seen belovv, their old homesand villages vvere destroyed, so living in nevv regions vvas to be expectedand perhaps vvelcomed.The mortality and migration of the Muslims changed the relativedemographic importance of the Turkish provinces. Figüre Three indicatesa shift in importance from the East to the West. While Northern andWestern Anatolia had for centuries been more densely settled and moreeconomically developed than Eastern Anatolia, the comparatively greaterdestruction in the East and migration to the Western provinces exacerbatedthis condition after the vvars. This undoubtedly contributed to themuch more rapid advancement of the West in Republican times. Wherepopulation is more dense, education are economy are more easily developed.Many Turkish cities lost population in the vvars (Figüre Four). Theyvvere reduced in size and changed in character. The Christian populationsof most vvere gone.Van and izmir vvere largely destroyed. In izmir, hovvever,the natural attractiveness of the region seems to have dravvn thousandsvvho rebuilt quickly. This vvas not true of Van, vvhich had become asmall city in a ravaged province 2 .Judged by its population, Anatolia vvas a much changed land in1922. The Turks had experienced great mortality and they lived in differentplaces. Demographic relationships betvveen provinces, betvveen regions,and betvveen the rural and the urban had ali changed.Figüre Four does not accurately reflect the scope of the changes thatfaced the Turks. In numbers, the city populations do not appear much different.There vvere stili significant populations in the Anatolian cities.2. Note that it vvas only possible to enumerate the populations of central districts (kazas)not cities themselves, because Ottoman statistics recorded kaza populations only. Figureson cities in the Ottoman period are usually lacking.511