PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

applied in the 30 s has been influenced by the Russian model of planifıcation".As a matter of fact state undertakings in Turkey were fruits of neccessitiesnot of ideologies. The state sector was supposed to serve to theprivate initiatives and undertakings, in order to help them growing up.The private properties were never touched but were seen as fundamentalbase of development. At death's door, Atatürk required a further liberalizationon the bases of market economy. So the state field of activity andthe economic field of activity would be separate but also having an impactto each-other. Since the years of Atatürk's reforms the private sectorof industry grew up in a certain way, meanwhile the agricultural productremained behind and concentrated to the private owners' control. In thisway the framework for the individual initiatives on the bases of the freeeconomic undertakings has been created. This was one of the possibilitiesthat the democratic rule and the political culture offered to the people. Inthe same time the Atatürk's reforms in different fields of life as in society,cultural education, role of women, were concerned to what is called"the reveal of individuals" or "the birth of individuals". At the beginningof the nineteenth century in Turkey was seen the inclination towards similiarprinciples but without success. The exposure of the individuals andof their personalities was the core of the new political culture and of itsimplementation.For both countries, Turkey and Albania, the historical past brings alot of similiarites concerned to the heritage of agrarian society. In thiskind of society, people remained fixed in a community of closed enclavesbased on families, groups or social divisions. This small divisions werepray of a manipulation from state hierarchy. This relations suffocating theindividual personality put it independent place towards the state authority,stimulating at the same time the laziness, the poverty or the revoltsometimes in the harshest forms.The transformation that was result of Atatürk's reforms gave to theindividuals a decisive role in the building of a new society, opening to theindividuals new possibilities on having equal treatments on personalitydevelopment. These prerogatives made the base of individual developmentleaving an open path to some phenomenons like self-organization,self-dicipline, self-respect and tolerance among several social groups thataccepting rank differences denied class struggle.In such relations were seen the features of new political culture, oflegal acceptance, of concious responsibilities towards the systems of government.Communism as an ideology applied from Enver Hoxha and his followersvanished every distinction between state and society vanishing thefırst feature of a modern state that's a condition of existence for the rule43