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ureaucracy elities. The Democrats remained in power for a decade(1950-60) till the military take-over. They went beyond the Constitutionof 1924 to moderate State's attitude towards islam in Turkey. The Democratsgot the support of local notables (earlier an ally of the RPP) and themass public. Ballot box and voters became the political reality in formingthe government. In the words of Ilter Turan, "the most signifıcant outcomeof the initial multi-party period was the integration of the peasantryand the urban masses to the political nad economic life of the country" 5 .He further says, "the integration of the mass electorate to national politicallife produced two consequences. First, government came to effectmore intensely the life of very citizen. The distributive and redistributefunctions of government received increasing emphasis, while the prevalenceof the extractive fünction began to decline. Second ... the citizensbecame more interested in national political life and came to identifythemselves more closely vvith national political institutions of vvhich politicalparties vvere the main example. In this context, the economic policiesof the DP ... vvere highly instrumental in building the citizen politicalsystem linkages, and promoting the integration of masses into nationalpolitics" 6 .Thus mass political participation began as an important political processof Turkish political system. Democrats' victory has been conceptualizedas a "ruralizing election" 7 . It is argued that "the peasantry had assumednevv importance, emerging as potentially the country's majörpolitical force", and that "the villager is becoming an integral part of hiscountry's social, political, and economic development." 8 The Democrats"had integrated the villager into the national political scene and hadplaced the government's relations vvith the peasants in a nevv and muchneeded perspective. Never before had the villager been courted by ali thepolitical parties; novv deputies and politicians visited his village andasked for his vote. This vvas change of great and fundamental importance9 . Similarly "unprecedented grovvth of the Turkish economy after1950 has created a very suitable ground for the process of pluralism inTurkish society'" 0 .Even after the closure of the DP in 1960 and military intervention,multiparty politics and participatory politics remained crucial to Turkishpolity and society. Thereafter tvvo more military interventions disruptedthe process of democratization in 1971 and 1980, but parties continued to5. Ilter Turan, n.2, p.81.6. Ibid., p. 82.7. Samuel P. Huntigton, n.4, p.448, 461.8. Joseph S. Szyliovvicz, Political Change in Rural Turkey, Erdemli, The Hague andParis, 1966, p.16.9. Ibid., p.159.10. Ay din Yalcin, "Social and Economic Foundations of Turkish-Egyptian Conferenceon Political Development and Democracy", Cairo, 6-7 May 1988.659