PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

parties and socialist publications. This strong swing towards the right alsoaffected the RPP itself. Hasan Ali Yücel, the successful Minister of NationalEducation, who was one of the foremost architects of the famousVillage Institutes and truly a man of the enlightenment, had to abandonhis post. His successor set about to denature these 'miracular' Village Institutes.When the Democratic Party came to power in 1950, these tendenciesbecame a general movement. In 1951 the People's Houses (478of them) and the People's Chambers (numbering 4322) which were allaroundcultural centers, were closed down. In 1954 the Village Institutesshared the same fate.Gone was the enlightenment program of the Revolution. The integralmodel of development naturally suffered terrible blovvs by this development.The Kemalist Revolution was frozen. To conceal this fact, greatemphasis was placed on "ceremonial Kemalism". Kemalist anniversarieswere commemorated with increasing fervour and Atatürk's iconographyfılled every corner of public life. The RPP somehow was unable, or unvvillingto conduct an opposition based on the demand for a return to theKemalist Revolution. Its often very strong opposition was mainly basedon a demand for greater political freedom. After the military interventionor coup of 1960, which brought a new constitution and a great measure offreedom to the political system, intellectuals were attracted by socialismand social democracy, rather than by Kemalism. However, the fail ofcommunism, the rapid rise of fundamentalism in Turkey, the heavy criticismof Kemalism gave rise to the renaissance of Kemalism to which I referredto earlier.28