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unassailable heritage, a phenomenon, by the way, that has noparallel in any other constitution in the world. For such a systemali religions are, without distinction, seen as competitors tobe combat ed" 50 .This self-proclaimed shaykh ai-Islam has referred to the TurkishAlavvites as "Atatürks secret vveapon in his vvar of annihilation againstSunnite islam", and has made an open threat against them: The TurkishAlavvites themselves should give deep consideration vvhether a momentarysuccess vvill save their future 51 . These vvords vvere vvritten by a manvvho praticipates "in the organization of the curriculum for the teaching ofislam as vvell as the education of Turkish teachers for classes in islam inthe state of Nordrhein-Westfalen 52 . It may be pointed out that the Germanpolitical scientist Reiner Albert, vvho has been praised by sheik Al-Islam,attempted to analyze the 'loss of purpose in Kemalism' in the framevvorkof a seminar held at the University of Mannheim in 1997.By vvay of summary, one may say that one encounters tvvo theses relatingto the Kemalist principle of secularism in German Turkey journalism.The most vvidespread of these claims that the Turkish version of secularismis anti-Islamic and is therefore unable to integrate 'faithfulMoslems' into Turkish society. The second thesis states that the Kemalistmodel of nationhood is that of 'a nation founded on belief, by vvhich ismeant that Mustafa Kemal sought to build his nation on the foundation ofSunnite islam. For this reason, Turkey is considered unable of integratingmembers of other confessions. What the proponents of both theses havein common is their belief that Turkish secularism is incapable of integratingcertain religious groups-on the one hand Sunnites, on the other handali non-Sunnites. They also agree that secularism of the Turkish varietyhas failed, just as the Kemalist model in general has failed. To underpinthese theses, they point out that Kemalism vvas a reform movement 'dictatedfrom above' to vvhich the great mass of the population in Anatoliahad no relationship. One of the proponents of the 'dictated from above'thesis claimed that 'the dictatorial regime of Mustafa Kemal' vvas notable to even signifıcantly influence the structure of the Islamic state 53 . Asa solution he proposed to "find a lasting reconciliation betvveen modernisinand islam" 54 . According to the majority of the critics of Turkey, 'the50. M. Salim Abdullah: Götterdammerung, Moslemische Revue, July/September 1997,p. 129.51. Ibid..52. M. Salim Abdullah: Dialoge zur Ringparabel, Moslemische Revue, April/June1997, p. 89.53. Raif Georges Khoury: Der islam. Religion, Kultur, Geschichte, p. 109, B. I. Taschenbuchverlag,Mannheim 1993.54. Ibid., p. 93.55. Gustav Adolf Sonnenhol: Kemal Atatürk heute, in: Südosteuropa-Mitteilungen, 3/1980, p. 12.828