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Turkish relationship should be friendly and everlasting since these twocountries had had no interest conflicts at ali times. (Foreign Affairs:1935).It should be noticed that the Chinese Communists' attitude tovvardsAtatürk and modern Turkey had changed in this period. Yun Daiying, afamous Communist writer in the period of the 1924-27 Grand Revolution,highly praised Turkish achievements in the peace Conference inLausanne (Yun Daiying: 1923), yet Cai Heshen, one of the CCP's earlyleaders vvho wrote the article congratulating the victory of Turkish Republicansin September, 1922, published 2 articles on Lausanne Conferencecriticizing Turkey 'forfeit ali that gained in the battle field but get anevv yoke of enslavement.' (He Shen: 1922) Obviously this judgment isincorrect. In 1930s and 1940s the prevailing opinion of the Communistson Atatürk and modern Turkey vvas influenced by vvhat Stalin gave toChinese students in Moscovv 'Zhongshan University' considering 'theKemalist anti-imperialist revolution in Turkey came to a prematüre end'.(Stalin: 1927) Although Mao Zedong had appraised the Renaissance ofTurkey under Atatürk as 'an example for ali Muslims and oppressed nations,'(Mao: 1936) yet in 1940, Mao in a speech refereed to that 'Kemal'sTurkey has turned back to semi-colony and a part of imperialistreactionary vvorld' by the Stalinist criterion vvhich dividing 'theheroes of colonies and semicolonies' 'either a part of vvorld revolutionaryforces or else a part of vvorld counter- revolutionaries.' (Mao: 1940) It isquite evident that these criterion and evaluation did not conform to reality.Later in 1958 Mao corrected his point of vievv by admitting that somenationalist countries 'chosen the standpoint of neutrality (betvveen theEastern socialist vvorld and the West) vvhen talking vvith some LatinAmerican journalists.' (Mao: 1958).From 1949 to the end of 1970s, Mao Zedong's inference in 1940 hasprevailed in China on Atatürk and modern Turkey. Since 'Chinese bourgeoisieadvocated Kemalism after the failure of the First Grand Revolutionin 1927' (Mao: 1940), there vvere fevv further studies on Kemalism inNevv China vvithin this long period. So in August, 1979, vvhen tvvo younghistorians from Beijing University raised the problem 'should vve praiseKemalism correctly on its feature of anti-imperialism, progress and revolution'in a vvorkshop of the Association for Modern World History Studies,there vvas a heated debate.Later these tvvo historians published their paper. They held thatTurkish had defended Turkey's independence and sovereignty in LausanneConference, emphasized that the choice of the path for developmentby the Turkish people should be respected, and the signifıcance of2.671