PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

had no foreign overseas representation of its ovvn. Nevertheless, thePrime Minister of Australia, Joseph Lyons, sent Australian condolencesand, as a unique mark of respect, the ships of the Royal Australian Navyflevv, on the day of the funeral, the Turkish flag at half-mast. 25During the Second World War, Turkey's prudent neutrality reflectedAtatürk's previous sophisticated handling of the Western Povvers and Lenin'snevv Soviet Union. This differed from Australia's increasing preoccupationvvith East Asia arising from the Japanese military onslaughtfrom 7 December 1941 and her rapid economic rise after the Korean War.Yet there is a parallel after 1942. As the ill-fated and misjudged Suezfîasco of 1956 marked Australia's further retreat from the old Empire,Korea, the Malaysian Emergency and Viet Nam demonstrated Australia'sgrovving dependence upon and involvement vvith the United States or - touse a grovelling Australian Prime Minister's phase - "our great and povverfulfriend". As one of history's subtle ironies, Turkey, as vvell as Australia,became part of the American imperium during the Cold War; Turkishsoldiers actually serving alongside Australian and Nevv Zealandvolunteers in that hard and bitter Korean conflict. Both groups foughthard, suffered considerable casualties-359 Australian dead, 904 Turkish -and had a paralel and unprecedented resistance to intimidation and"brainvvashing" in prisoner-of-vvar camps. Both countries' infantry casualtiesvvere high in relation to the numbers involved 26 .Why then the upsurge in interest in both countries? The commemorationsof the Anzac experience, particularly on each 25th April, havenot, in spite of the fading avvay of veterans, dvvindled avvay as vvas anticipatedby some in the 1960s. interest in the catastrophe of 1914-18 continuesapace, mass tourism has opened "sites of mourning", both ancient andmodern, to the many. On 25th April 1998 över 7,000 Australians andNevv Zealanders, mostly young, attended services at Ari Burnu. Bus loadsof Turkish citizens novv visit the old battlegrounds. So, for both Antipodeansand increasingly for Turks, John North's 1936 observation ringstrue: "Gallipoli is no longer a narrovv neck of land set in the blue or greyof the sea. If it is anything at ali, it is a country of the mind." 27 Surely,considering the enmities of the past, this phenomenon must be unique. Asin Turkey, interest in "national history" proceeds apace although hinderedin the academies by the obeisance to corporate fınancial structures, an obsessionvvith vocational training and the consequences of the demolitionof the controls of the international economic order established after theSecond World War.25. Sydney Morning Herald, 11 November 1938, p. 11; 22 November 1938, p.12.26. Korea. Ministry of National Defence, The History of the U.N. Forces in the KoreanWar, Vol. VI, Seoul, 1977, pp.9-14, 381-3; O'Neill, Robert, Australia in the KoreanWar, 1950-1953, Canberra, 1985, esp. 136,215,276.27. North John, Gallipoli. The 'Fading' Vision, London, 1936, p.360.697