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with liberal institutions on the western model has exerted on Tunisians areal fascination.Indeed, in February 1907, the movement "Young Tunisians" on themodel of the movement "Young Turks" emerged in Tunisia. This movementthat constituted the outline of the Tunisian nationalism and whosemain representative was Ali Bach Hamba, endowed with a solid westernculture and an Arabic education, has fıxed as objective to reform the Tunisiansociety so that that it could rejoin the triumphant and developedvvestern civilisation. The "Young Tunisians" have often expressed theiraffınities with the "Young Turks", even their solidarity with them.At a fırst stage the "Young Tunisians" did not oppose the regime ofthe protectorate. They saw there a historical necessity and probably a factorof evolution. Thereby, their action was especially turned to the denunciationof excesses of the protectorate regime and to the demand of political,institutional, administrative and educational reforms.Affinities between "Young Tunisians" and "Young Turks" havestrengthened notably after the Italian aggression against the ottoman Tripolitainiain 1911. This event has been the basis of certain radicalism anda stronger repression on behalf of the French authorities. Confronted withthe repression, the leader of the movement, Ali Bach Hamba chooses toexile in Turkey where he remained till his death.Later, the Tunisian national movement reproduced that of Turkey,and followed with interest the evolution of this country after the war, especiallysince the abolition of the Califat in 1924. For the Tunisian leaders,the triumph of the kemalist revolution bore a lot of hope. Being positivistsand rationalists as Attaturk, they also aspired to the establishmentof a modern State endovved with a constitution and having for objective aradical transformation of the Tunisian society at ali levels: religious, social,economic and cultural.Looking at the process of setting up the State as well as the kemalistprinciple 2 , we will find a very important likeliness with the principles thathave been behind the establishment of the modern Tunisian State.The establishment of the Republican State:After having succeeded the Revolution of Anatomy and followingthe Congress of Erzurum whose decisions will be ratified by the nationalCongress of Sivas, Kemalists decided to create a constitutional Assembly2. Şahinler (Menter), Origines, influence et actualite du Kemalisme, Paris; Publisud,1995., Notamment: p. 57-96.468