PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

layers of the societys intellectuals, landowners, peasantry, poor and richmen. He declared the rescuing of the country as a common affair. That'swhy he hadn't special orientation at some class or layer.In the period after the Mudros Treaty the allied povvers occupied theBosphorus and the Dardanelles straits, the East Trakia, a great many regionsof Anatolia, landed a descent in izmir. England instituted controlöver Anatolia-Bagdad railvvay also sent its own troops to the Black-Seacoastports; factually England, France and Italy divided the Turkish territoryamong themselves, and on May, İ5, 1919, stimulated by Antanta,Ggreece occupied the city of izmir and its surroundigns.On August, 10, 1920, the Antanta countries forced the Turkish gorvenmentof that period to sign the Sevre Treaty, according to which theTurkish territory vvas divided among the allied povvers, the England protectoratevvas instituted över Egypt, and the Antanta countries control vvas "instituted över the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles straits. The Antantacountries vvere also given the right to interfere in Turkish home affairs, atany time convenient for them. In fact, Turkey became a colony of England,France and Italy.Turkish state found itself on the verge of loosing its statehood and atsuch critical time it needed on energetic and courageous state and politicalfigüre vvith a bright mind, vvho vvould manage to save the country.Fortunately for the Turkish people it vvas Mustafa Atatürk, vvho undertookhis mission.As early as in 1919 he already called Sultan Mehmed VI and hisgovernment for an organized opposition against the Antanta countries,hovvever, the Turkish Sultan and his follovvers revealed a complete lossand proved to be unable to organize the Turkish people for a fıght againstthe invaders. It vvas only Kemal Atatürk, vvho managed to organize peoplefor a fıght to secure the country's independance. On May, 19, 1919 hevvas sent from istanbul to Anatolia for inspection. At this time KemalAtatürk vvas a general and had the title of Pasha, also he vvas considered apersonal aide-de-camp of his excellence the Turkish Sultan. Ali thishelped him to manage a speedy organization of people against their enemy.From Anatolia Kemal Pasha notified Sultan that the vvhole populationof Anatolia is ready for a fight to save the national interests and thoseof the state, to dravv the enemy out of the Turkish territory.Of course, the demands of Atatürk vvere absolutely inadmissible forSultan and the circles around him, vvho vvere under the influence of the allies,so he vvas summened back to istanbul. Atatürk did not return to istanbul,he resigned from his military past and on August, 9, 1919, at theorder of the Turkish Sultan, Kemal Atatürk vvas devoid of ali his military301