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BİN ABD AL-KARIM'S AND KEMAL'SMOVEMENTS IN THE 1920s:WHAT CONNECTIONS?Prof. Abderrahmane el MOUDDEN*I vvould like to start this paper vvith a disclaimer: the scope of thistopic as vvell as the material needed to deal vvith it are much larger thanthe documentation and the approach used here. Hence, the treatment givenhere, I am afraid, is rather tentative. My hope is to be able to carry outa more thorough treatment based on substantial data including availablearchival material, in a more ambitious project.In the early 1920s, follovving World War I, several national movemets,aroud the Mediterranean, resisted the nevv colonial deal. Some ofthem took the form of vvars of liberation and soon evolved into nation andstate building. Among these, the Kemalist movement in Turkey and theRifian movement in Morocco, on both the Eastern and the Western sidesof the Mediterranean, vvere the most important. In many vvays, bothmovements held similar characteristics in their early stages, but they vveresoon to bifurcate in different directions.A comparison of the tvvo experiments leads to a series of questions:What vvas the reception of the Kemalist movement in other countriesSouth of the Mediterranean? What vvas the attention given by early KemalistTurkey to other national movements around the Mediterranean?What vvere some of the Arab attitudes tovvards early Kemalism and hovvdid they change? Were there any differences betvveen the Maghrib andteh Mashriq in this respect?These are, among others, the issues I vvill deal vvith in this paper,relying on some contemporary reports. The main goals are to find oft ifand hovv these tvvo movements interacted, and to replace them in the intricaciesof Arab-Turkish relations.* Muhammed V University, Rabat.639