PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

vvas thus very diffıcult. Eventually ismet inönü his right-hand-man andhis comrade-in-arms vvas elected Presidend. In the beginning he continuedpursuing his guru's policy. After breaking out of the second WorldWar he vvas forced to adjust his domestic as vvell as foreign policy. AlthoughTurkey kept its membership of the League of Nations (since1932) and vvas formally neutral, this country concluded a treaty of friendshipvvith Germany in 1941 vvhich vvas later ceomplemented vvith a commercialand a payment treaty.The Allied Povver did its utmost to vvin President inönü över to theirside. They succeeded in doing this only tovvards the end of the vvar, becausethe founders of the nevv organization of nations, namely the UnitedNations, demanded from Turkey that they had to declare vvar to the AxesPovvers to be allovved to participate in the inaugural meeting in San Francisco.Turkey declared vvar to Germany and Japan in 1945. From then onthe country mainly joined the West. This development vvas favourably forthe West, as a result of Turkey's strategic position. After ali the countryforms the link betvveen the Balkan and the Middle East and betvveen theBlack sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore this couuntry vvas also economicallyimportant because of its big amount of natural reseources. Iearlier mentioned the military link that began to develop vvith the UnitedStates. This orientation tovvards the West also happened because of Russia'sterritorial claims on the regions in north-east Turkey after the secondWorld War. In 1948 Turkey thus became a member of the organization ofEconomic Cooperation and Development (O.E.C.D.). In 1949 it became amember of the Council of Europe and in 1952 it ganied membership ofN.A.T.O. The pressure of this change in direction in foreign policy forcedthe Turkish government to further democratize the country. This alsohappened as a result of the influence the large landovvners and the commercialbourgeoisie played in the economy of the country, this had alreadybegan during the second World War. They demanded a liberal approachvvith respect to economy as vvell as to politics. In this vvay theTurkish government had to abolish the one party system formally (1945).A series of very small political parties vvere then founded.In the general elections, held for the fırst time in 1946, they had notthe slightest chance to vvin, due to their mutual disunity and the short timethey had to prepare for the elections. The Republican People's Party, havingali opportunities to prepare vvell for these elections and having at theirdisposal the public service, vvon the elections gloriously. Soon it appearedthat this democracy introduced also had its constraints. Left-orientedgroups did not got the space to organize themselves in the grovving coldvvar-atmosphere.Turkey more and more tied itself to the united Stateslavv. "Aid to Turkey and Greece" came into force on 22 May 1947 andthe United States and Turkey concluded the agreement on Aid to Turkeyon 12 July 1947. It vvas decided on in this agreement that the Turkishgovernment vvas not allovved to use the information and material supplied294