PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

history as "Sultan Demirel", heading the Justice Party which vvas calledto vvin (in the 1965 election, for example, got 53.3% of the Parliamentaryseats, vvhile the Kemalist heirs -the Peoples' Republican Party- sufferedan electoral reversal plummeting to 28.7% of the seats) 20 .If, on the one hand, the political plight of the fıfties and sixtiesproved that the game of rotating in povver vvas on the verge of consolidatingin Turkey, the social "upheaval" that economic changes vvereigniting in the vvell organised trade-unionist vvorking class, in the Islamistresurgence vvhose numbers vvere called to grovv in importance, inleftist circles (Workers' Party, that is, the communists, of the legendaryMehmet Ali Aybar), could not mislead Garcıa Gömez. Much less vvhenche elite of the large Turkish army acted as incorruptible guardian of theState.Apodictic, but realistic, Mr. Emilio vvrote: "the survival or dovvnfallof Turkey vvill rest on the country's ability to get out from the spell ofAtatürk, no matter hovv, vvhether moving forvvards or backvvards. It vvillbe a tragedy, but it seems to be fateful." Further dvvelling on the line ofthought evolved not from knovvledge but from observation, he broachedit by vvriting that "Modern Turkey is Atatürk and the huge vvork ofAtatürk is a phenomenal drive for the Westernisation of the most elaboratelyOriental country (not fully free of a sinister mask). As this enterprise-overcame- is somevvhat beyond the strength of a single man, it isno surprise that many ends vvere left loose, particularly tvvo fundamentaland to some extent intervvoven things: the increase of the Turkish Standardof living and getting the Turkish citizen accustomed to democracy.This vvas the most diffıcult aspect and the hardest one for Atatürk to tackle,because he vvas an iron-fırst dictator, and the people he has reshaped -tribal multitude vvith a strong military sense- got used to the dictatorship.The problem of Atatürk's successors, none of them of his stature, is -similarly to many other nations- to seek this "make-believe democracy"vvhich novv seems to be a must in order to be accepted in the internationalfora. More specifıcally, to find a multiparty system vvhere governmentsrotate in povver. And so far, they have failed" 21 .This commentary could vvell server as a full stop to this outline. Otherfacets of the embassy of Mr. Emilio in Turkey vvill have to be revievvedin due course, particularly the push he vvanted to give to the teaching ofSpanish language and culture in the istanbul and Ankara Universities andthe teaching of Turkish language and culture in the Madrid Universities -vvhich has failed to materialise so far.20. Electoral data taken from C.H. DODD, The Crisis of Turkish Democracy. The EothenPress, 1900, second edition, p. 223, appendix I.21. Apud VILLANUEVA quoted in No. 12, p. 146-47.721