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A. La corte de Alfonso VIII - Gonzalo de Berceo

A. La corte de Alfonso VIII - Gonzalo de Berceo

A. La corte de Alfonso VIII - Gonzalo de Berceo

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two co<strong>de</strong>s seen as so crassly at odds in the writings of the conservative clerics: warrior<br />

valor and courtliness. This new hero magnanimously pardons vanquished enemies. He<br />

speaks flowingly as he greets fellow knights and particularly ladies in elaborate formulas.<br />

His manners are mo<strong>de</strong>st, <strong>de</strong>corous, polished, and restrained. He is in control of himself<br />

and knows, or learns, compassion and regard for other human beings. He courts damsels<br />

in flowery speeches filled with high sentiments. He washes meticulously after removing<br />

his armor, puts on soft and tight-fitting clothing,<br />

shaves, attaches puffy sleeves to his<br />

shirt,<br />

and cleans his fingernails. A man who would not shrink from savage acts on the<br />

battlefield is overcome by ten<strong>de</strong>r emotions when he catches sight of his lady; he is<br />

transported aloft by her smile, reduced to tears by her frown, and receives angry words<br />

from her with patience and humility. The knight remains an efficient engine of <strong>de</strong>ath and<br />

<strong>de</strong>struction in combat, but at court and in the presence of ladies his soul is strung as<br />

finely as a harp. (The Origins 196)<br />

Un gran logro <strong>de</strong>l roman cortés es que logró una síntesis <strong>de</strong>l guerrero y el hombre <strong>de</strong><br />

estado, <strong>de</strong>l caballero y el clérigo cortés. Des<strong>de</strong> la segunda mitad <strong>de</strong>l siglo XII,<br />

encontramos un héroe literario que representa la armonización <strong>de</strong> esos dos códigos que se<br />

muestran tan fundamentalmente opuestos en los escritos <strong>de</strong> los clérigos conservadores: el<br />

valor guerrero y la <strong>corte</strong>sía. Este nuevo héroe perdona magnánimamente a los enemigos<br />

vencidos. Habla elegantemente con fórmulas elaboradas cuando saluda a sus colegas<br />

caballeros, y particularmente a las damas. Sus costumbres son púdicas, <strong>de</strong>corosas,<br />

pulidas, y controladas. Se controla a sí mismo y practica, o apren<strong>de</strong>, la compasión y<br />

respeto <strong>de</strong> sus semejantes. Corteja a las damiselas con elegantes discursos repletos <strong>de</strong><br />

elevados sentimientos. Se lava cuidadosamente tras quitarse su armadura, se pone suaves<br />

y ajustados ropajes, se afeita, une mangas bombachas a su camisa, y se limpia las uñas.<br />

Un hombre que no evita los actos salvajes en el campo <strong>de</strong> batalla se ve abrumado por<br />

tiernos sentimientos cuando mira a su dama, se ve transportado a otro mundo por su<br />

sonrisa, reducido<br />

a lágrimas por su ceño, y recibe palabras enojadas <strong>de</strong> ella con paciencia<br />

y humildad. El caballero continúa siendo una máquina <strong>de</strong> matar y <strong>de</strong>struir en el combate,<br />

pero en la <strong>corte</strong> y en presencia <strong>de</strong> las damas su alma pue<strong>de</strong> ser tañida tan finamente como<br />

un arpa.

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