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A. La corte de Alfonso VIII - Gonzalo de Berceo

A. La corte de Alfonso VIII - Gonzalo de Berceo

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types for the attention of princes and their retinue. The clerics argue against the fabulae<br />

and commend the salutary effects of their own "truthful" historical material. [. . .] The<br />

clerics, then, possessed a powerful argument for the superiority of their works: they<br />

brought useful moral instruction; the fables merely filled the heads of the listeners with<br />

foolish lies. [. . .] The victory of clerics in this contest was inevitable. (The Origins 228-<br />

29)<br />

En la sociología <strong>de</strong> la vida literaria en la <strong>corte</strong> po<strong>de</strong>mos distinguir dos tipos básicos <strong>de</strong><br />

poetas narrativos: el cantante profesional, y el clérigo que posee las gestas <strong>de</strong> los antiguos<br />

preservadas en registros escritos. Estos dos tipos libraron en la <strong>corte</strong> una feroz batalla por<br />

la atención <strong>de</strong> los príncipes y sus acompañantes. Los clérigos atacan las fabulae<br />

(narraciones ficticias, fábulas) y recomiendan los efectos saludables <strong>de</strong> su propio material<br />

histórico "verda<strong>de</strong>ro". [. . .] Los clérigos, por tanto, poseían un po<strong>de</strong>roso argumento en<br />

favor <strong>de</strong> la superioridad <strong>de</strong> sus propias obras: éstas permitían una instrucción útil y moral;<br />

las fábulas solamente llenaban la mente <strong>de</strong>l público <strong>de</strong> mentiras vanas. [. . .] <strong>La</strong> victoria<br />

<strong>de</strong> los clérigos en esta disputa era inevitable.<br />

<strong>La</strong> transición entre estas puras narrativas históricas<br />

y el material legendario <strong>de</strong> los cantores<br />

iletrados se encuentra, según Jaeger, en la Historia regum Britanniae <strong>de</strong> Godofredo <strong>de</strong><br />

Monmouth. Esta obra, rápidamente convertida en 1155 en roman por el normando Wace,<br />

asociado con la <strong>corte</strong> <strong>de</strong> Enrique II <strong>de</strong> Inglaterra y Leonor <strong>de</strong> Aquitania, incorpora leyendas en<br />

su narración, otorgándoles un propósito didáctico típico <strong>de</strong> las historias clericales:<br />

The earliest successful and influential amalgamation of the two was Geoffrey's Historia<br />

regum Britanniae. This work marks a major transition in the <strong>de</strong>velopment of medieval<br />

narrative and of the romance. A cleric discovers the entertainment value of the fables and<br />

combines these with the informing, edifying, correcting function of the Historiae regum.<br />

This discovery sealed the doom of the oral tradition<br />

of narrative. It may not have ma<strong>de</strong><br />

the singer of tales completely superfluous from then on, but the purpose he served would<br />

henceforth be performed better by the clerical poet. Given the weakness of the lay<br />

nobility for fashion, given their interest in courtly ways, the cleric who taught courtly<br />

ways through quasihistorical fables was <strong>de</strong>stined to outstrip the competition. (The<br />

Origins 229)

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