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la pintura de paisaje - Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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sido afectado por el arte chino, a pesar <strong>de</strong> que algunos estudiosos le adjudican igualmente<br />

similitu<strong>de</strong>s con <strong>la</strong> <strong>pintura</strong> china; ésto nos explica Sullivan:<br />

It is tempting to believe that Rembrandt might have owned, or<br />

see, Chinese or Japanese paintings. But there is no evi<strong>de</strong>nce for this<br />

at all. Yet when we look at some of his drawings, notably those<br />

sketched freely in ink or ink wash, we find a combination of formal<br />

c<strong>la</strong>rity and calligraphic vitality in the movement of pen or brush that is<br />

closer to Chinese painting in technique and feeling than to anything in<br />

European art before the twentieth century. This, in the absence of<br />

evi<strong>de</strong>nce to the contrary, we must attribute to coinci<strong>de</strong>nce and to<br />

Rembrandt’s unique gifts as a draughtsman. Moreover, if he ever did<br />

set his eyes on Chinese paintings, it is unlikely that these would have<br />

been the spontaneous ink sketches of the literati and eccentrics,<br />

which most resemble his own, for what Europe admired in Far Eastern<br />

art was its exquisite, fanciful craftsmanship, and it is highly improbable<br />

that any Dutch factor in Deshima would have acquired the sort of<br />

sketches that would have struck a responsive chord in Rembrandt. 128<br />

Para cubrir aunque sea someramente todos los resquicios <strong>de</strong> esta investigación en <strong>la</strong><br />

que estamos inmersos, vamos a transcribir una explicación <strong>de</strong> Michael Edwar<strong>de</strong>s, cuyo<br />

p<strong>la</strong>nteamiento es un interesante punto <strong>de</strong> indagación para otras indagaciones:<br />

But what of the direct influence of Eastern pictorial art on<br />

European painters? Such influence implies more than just the<br />

superficial use of exotic animals or foliage. These can be found<br />

scattered throughout Italian painting from the thirteenth century<br />

onwards. To be directly influenced the painter must have seen<br />

examples of Eastern art and recognized something of their aesthetic<br />

purpose. There is no satisfactory evi<strong>de</strong>nce of actual paintings having<br />

128 SULLIVAN, The Meeting…, op. cit., p. 91: “Es tentador creer que Rembrandt pudo haber poseído o<br />

visto <strong>pintura</strong>s chinas o japonesas. Pero no hay evi<strong>de</strong>ncia <strong>de</strong> ello en absoluto. Aun cuando miramos a<br />

algunos <strong>de</strong> sus dibujos, en especial aquéllos abocetados con libertad en tinta o en aguada,<br />

encontramos una mezc<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> c<strong>la</strong>ridad formal y <strong>de</strong> vitalidad caligráfica en el movimiento <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> pluma o<br />

<strong>de</strong>l pincel que es más cercana a <strong>la</strong> <strong>pintura</strong> china en técnica y en sentimiento, que cualquier otra en el<br />

arte europeo antes <strong>de</strong>l siglo XX. Esto, mientras no se pruebe lo contrario, <strong>de</strong>bemos atribuirlo a <strong>la</strong><br />

coinci<strong>de</strong>ncia y a <strong>la</strong>s únicas dotes <strong>de</strong> Rembrandt como dibujante. A<strong>de</strong>más, si posó alguna vez sus ojos<br />

sobre <strong>pintura</strong>s chinas, es muy poco probable que hubieran sido los bocetos espontáneos en tinta <strong>de</strong><br />

literatos y excéntricos, que son los que más se acercan a los suyos, ya que lo que Europa admiraba<br />

en el arte <strong>de</strong>l extremo oriente era su exquisitez, su imaginativa artesanía, y es altamente improbable<br />

que algún elemento ho<strong>la</strong>ndés en Deshima hubiera adquirido <strong>la</strong> c<strong>la</strong>se <strong>de</strong> bocetos que hubieran tocado<br />

<strong>la</strong> fibra sensible <strong>de</strong> Rembradnt.”<br />

78

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