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la pintura de paisaje - Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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The works of the Ch’an painters might often seem lightly done,<br />

thrown down without the least exertion, but the sud<strong>de</strong>nness of the<br />

execution would certainly not have been possible if the masters had<br />

not passed through a long and assiduous training. It was like the<br />

sud<strong>de</strong>n enlightenment , the k’ai wu or satori, which comes on the spur<br />

of the moment, when the mind has been cleansed of all beclouding<br />

thoughts and attuned to the silent music that accompanies every<br />

manifestation of life. The painters called this ch’i yün, the «spiritresonance»,<br />

or the reverberation of «the Universal Mind»; they<br />

listened to it in the innermost recesses of their own consciousness as<br />

well as in every phenomenon of nature: Mountains and brooks, winds<br />

and waves, flowers and falling leaves, all revealed to them a reflection<br />

or an echo of the «Universal Mind». 404<br />

Ahora bien, po<strong>de</strong>mos explicar con algo más <strong>de</strong> finura por qué <strong>la</strong>s <strong>pintura</strong>s chan<br />

parecen casi siempre meros bocetos, realizados en cuestión <strong>de</strong> segundos, a diferencia <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>la</strong>s <strong>pintura</strong>s <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> mayor parte <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s escue<strong>la</strong>s chinas:<br />

The experience cannot be <strong>de</strong>scribed or conveyed in words, but<br />

it can be suggested in paintings which may bring the prepared<br />

observer nearer to the awareness of his own enlightenment. The point<br />

to be stressed about Ch’an in its re<strong>la</strong>tion to painting is the intuitive<br />

i<strong>de</strong>ntification of «objects and spirit», «experienced and experienced».<br />

The <strong>de</strong>sire to experience this sense of oneness with the world lies at<br />

the root of the intense Ch’an cultivation of Nature. If these fleeting<br />

visions of i<strong>de</strong>ntity and unity are to be recor<strong>de</strong>d in painting, they most<br />

be done in the shortest time possible, «for ecstasy cannot be long<br />

sustained». Terseness and brevity, c<strong>la</strong>rity of mental vision and<br />

intensity of realization are all prerequisites of the Ch’an painter. The<br />

monochrome ink technique in which the pliant brush can move with<br />

the rapidity of thought was i<strong>de</strong>ally suited to the expressionistic<br />

paintings of the Ch’an school. 405<br />

404 SIRÉN Osvald, The Chinese on… op. cit. p. 107: “Las obras <strong>de</strong> los pintores Chan pudieran a<br />

menudo parecer hechas a <strong>la</strong> ligera, vomitadas sin el más mínimo esfuerzo, pero <strong>la</strong> súbita ejecución<br />

ciertamente no habría sido posible si los maestros no hubieran pasado a través <strong>de</strong> un <strong>la</strong>rgo y asiduo<br />

entrenamiento. Era como <strong>la</strong> iluminación repentina, el kai wu o satori, que llega <strong>de</strong> improviso, cuando <strong>la</strong><br />

mente ha sido limpiada <strong>de</strong> todo pensamiento oscuro, y ha alcanzado <strong>la</strong> música silenciosa que<br />

acompaña cada manifestación <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> vida. Los pintores l<strong>la</strong>man a ésto qi yun, <strong>la</strong> ‘resonancia <strong>de</strong>l<br />

espíritu’, o <strong>la</strong> reverberación <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ‘Mente Universal’; <strong>la</strong> escuchan en el recóndito hueco <strong>de</strong> su propia<br />

conciencia, al igual que en cada fenómeno <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> naturaleza: montañas y arroyos, vientos y o<strong>la</strong>s, flores<br />

y hojas que caen, todo les reve<strong>la</strong> un reflejo o un eco <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ‘Mente Universal’.”<br />

405 SIKMAN Laurence y SOPER Alexan<strong>de</strong>r, p.139: “La experiencia no pue<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>de</strong>scrita o<br />

comunicada con pa<strong>la</strong>bras, pero pue<strong>de</strong> ser sugerida en <strong>pintura</strong>s que puedan situar al observador<br />

preparado más cerca <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> conciencia <strong>de</strong> su propia iluminación. El punto a <strong>de</strong>stacar sobre el Chan en<br />

su re<strong>la</strong>ción con <strong>la</strong> <strong>pintura</strong>, es <strong>la</strong> i<strong>de</strong>ntificación intuitiva <strong>de</strong> los ‘objetos <strong>de</strong>l espíritu’, ‘experimentador y<br />

218

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