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la pintura de paisaje - Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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Las <strong>de</strong>scripciones <strong>de</strong> los pintores chan o <strong>de</strong> aquellos afines a esta doctrina coinci<strong>de</strong><br />

entre los estudiosos <strong>de</strong>l tema: “Los pintores-monjes Sung [Song] buscaron esta comunión<br />

mística, este ambiente, k’i yün [qi yun], este estado <strong>de</strong>l alma, e intentaron expresarlo en sus<br />

obras, <strong>la</strong>s cuales se inspiran, en principio, en <strong>la</strong>s mismas técnicas que sus contemporáneos<br />

que acabamos <strong>de</strong> estudiar, pero mientras los pintores Sung [Song] <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> corte y <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

Aca<strong>de</strong>mia eran so<strong>la</strong>mente letrados cultos, los pintores Ch’an [Chan] fueron casi todos ellos<br />

monjes, que vivían en conventos, retirados <strong>de</strong>l mundo, quienes practicaban meditaciones<br />

muy severas <strong>de</strong>l Ch’an [Chan], o también taoístas búdicos, ermitaños que vivían en <strong>la</strong>s<br />

montañas, ro<strong>de</strong>ados <strong>de</strong> algunos discípulos, que intentaban reflejar sus experiencias<br />

personales en sus obras.” 416<br />

Las sutiles divergencias entre <strong>la</strong> <strong>pintura</strong> letrado -y más específicamente <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

dinastía Song <strong>de</strong>l Sur-, y <strong>la</strong> <strong>pintura</strong> chan, son <strong>de</strong>scritas con c<strong>la</strong>ridad en este párrafo <strong>de</strong><br />

Sullivan:<br />

The line between the intuition and spontaneity of the scho<strong>la</strong>rpainter<br />

and that of the Zen artist [Chan] is a fine one, but it is there.<br />

For what the Zen master sought was to express, not himself, but a<br />

reality that <strong>de</strong>nied the self, by his arbitrary choice of subject matter<br />

and his technique of broken washes to reveal the un<strong>de</strong>rlying unity of<br />

all things, and by the f<strong>la</strong>sh and daring of his brushwork, to suggest, by<br />

analogy, what the sud<strong>de</strong>n, irrational experience of Zen illumination<br />

was like. At the same time, the Zen painter, like the Zen teacher,<br />

<strong>de</strong>liberately gives us a series of visual shocks to shake free our<br />

locked-in consciousness. It is no acci<strong>de</strong>nt that he chose as his<br />

technical <strong>la</strong>nguage not the re<strong>la</strong>xed and highly personal styles of the<br />

literati but those of the Southern Sung aca<strong>de</strong>my. For the aca<strong>de</strong>mic<br />

style [<strong>de</strong>l sur], like the Zen method of teaching, is both disciplined and<br />

impersonal. As in the act of meditation, its sharpness of <strong>de</strong>tail fixes<br />

416 RIVIÈRE Jean Roger, op. cit. p. 375.<br />

224

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