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la pintura de paisaje - Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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Edwar<strong>de</strong>s tampoco quiere eliminar <strong>la</strong> posibilidad <strong>de</strong> que haya habido cierto traspaso<br />

<strong>de</strong> i<strong>de</strong>as artísticas orientales sobre el <strong>paisaje</strong>, al arte <strong>de</strong> Europa, mas no justifica<br />

científicamente su aseveración:<br />

The characteristic treatment of <strong>la</strong>ndscape by painters of the<br />

Sung dynasty –which prece<strong>de</strong>d that of the Mongols- supplied<br />

inspiration to the unknown painter of a triptych in the Aca<strong>de</strong>my of<br />

Siena. This dates from the <strong>la</strong>te thirteenth century, and in the central<br />

subject trees and rocks are used as they are in Chinese art, to create<br />

a timeless <strong>la</strong>ndscape where the narrative may take p<strong>la</strong>ce. That same<br />

<strong>la</strong>ndscape, at once harsh and mysterious, appears in Leonardo’s<br />

«Virgin of the Rocks». The whole painting is an exercise in shadow.<br />

The cave is haunted by it. Shadow menaces the <strong>la</strong>ndscape. The<br />

Chinese were masters of chiaroscuro long before it was used by<br />

European artists, and it is not unreasonable to believe that they<br />

passed on something of their art to Europe. 21<br />

C<strong>la</strong>rk comentaba acerca <strong>de</strong> los <strong>paisaje</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Rubens y <strong>de</strong> otros autores: “And there are<br />

Rubens drawings which for <strong>de</strong>licacy of atmosphere might stand with Turners, Monets, and<br />

the paintings of Sung dynasty, and differ only in the hint of greater buoyancy which un<strong>de</strong>rlies<br />

them.” 22 Por supuesto no se pue<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>jar <strong>de</strong> mencionar al <strong>de</strong>stacado Benjamin Row<strong>la</strong>nd con<br />

su clásico título Art in the East & West, en el cuál hace un pormenorizado estudio <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s<br />

similitu<strong>de</strong>s entre <strong>la</strong> <strong>pintura</strong> <strong>de</strong> ambas civilizaciones a lo <strong>la</strong>rgo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> historia, y don<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>dica<br />

21 EDWARDES Michael, op. cit. p. 89: “El tratamiento característico <strong>de</strong>l <strong>paisaje</strong> por pintores <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

dinastía Song –que precedió a <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> los Mongoles– dio inspiración al pintor <strong>de</strong>sconocido <strong>de</strong> un tríptico<br />

en <strong>la</strong> Aca<strong>de</strong>mia <strong>de</strong> Siena. Ésta data <strong>de</strong> finales <strong>de</strong>l siglo XIII, y en el tema central árboles y piedras son<br />

utilizados como se emplean en el arte chino, para crear un <strong>paisaje</strong> eterno don<strong>de</strong> lo narrativo pue<strong>de</strong><br />

llevarse a cabo. Ese mismo <strong>paisaje</strong>, duro y misterioso a <strong>la</strong> vez, aparece en ‘La virgen <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s rocas’ <strong>de</strong><br />

Leonardo. La <strong>pintura</strong> entera es un ejercicio sobre <strong>la</strong> sombra. La caverna es acechada por el<strong>la</strong>. La<br />

sombra amenaza al <strong>paisaje</strong>. Los chinos fueron maestros <strong>de</strong>l c<strong>la</strong>roscuro mucho antes <strong>de</strong> que fuera<br />

empleado por los artistas europeos, y no es irrazonable creer que trasmitieron algo <strong>de</strong> su arte a<br />

Europa.”<br />

22 CLARK Kenneth, Landscape into Art, Pelican Books A369, Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth,<br />

Middlesex 1961 (1ª ed. 1949), Gran Bretaña, p. 63: “Y hay dibujos <strong>de</strong> Rubens que por <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>lica<strong>de</strong>za <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>la</strong> atmósfera podrían estar junto a Turners, Monets, y a <strong>la</strong>s <strong>pintura</strong>s <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> dinastía Song, y difieren<br />

so<strong>la</strong>mente en <strong>la</strong> i<strong>de</strong>a <strong>de</strong> un mayor optimismo, que subyace en ellos.”<br />

15

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