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la pintura de paisaje - Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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También hay que tomar en cuenta que tanto <strong>la</strong> <strong>pintura</strong> como <strong>la</strong> poesía ostentaban<br />

una faceta moral, una misión frente a <strong>la</strong> sociedad a <strong>la</strong> que se pretendía ayudar a través <strong>de</strong>l<br />

enaltecimiento <strong>de</strong> lo natural, reflejado en el arte, y que Fong ha expuesto así: “Yet Chinese<br />

literature, calligraphy, and painting –the <strong>la</strong>st being by far the youngest of the three- not only<br />

had a single, uninterrupted history, but also <strong>de</strong>veloped with a tradition of a strong moral<br />

ethos, a sense of spiritual purpose and commitment that still allowed for freedom and<br />

diversity.” 898<br />

Una vez aceptado el nexo entre el alma <strong>de</strong>l artista y <strong>la</strong> expresión <strong>de</strong> sus sentimientos<br />

vía <strong>pintura</strong> o poesía, se cayó en una serie <strong>de</strong> asuntos fijos que se creían propios <strong>de</strong> alma <strong>de</strong>l<br />

individuo creador, y se instauraron <strong>de</strong> manera perenne en el mundo <strong>de</strong>l arte. Fong nos<br />

ofrece un <strong>de</strong>tal<strong>la</strong>do panorama <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> expresión poética en <strong>la</strong> antigua china, don<strong>de</strong> apreciamos<br />

los aspectos genéricos <strong>de</strong> ésta, su temática, y sus raíces confucianas. La moral, lo<br />

metafísico, o lo espiritual, p<strong>la</strong>nearon siempre <strong>de</strong>trás <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>pintura</strong> y <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> poesía en oriente,<br />

<strong>de</strong>bido a <strong>la</strong> importancia <strong>de</strong> repercutir en el ánimo <strong>de</strong>l lector y <strong>de</strong> comunicar:<br />

As intimate reve<strong>la</strong>tions of their private thoughts and feelings,<br />

the artist’s poems –many of them inscribed on their paintings- <strong>de</strong>al<br />

<strong>la</strong>rgely with themes of loneliness, <strong>de</strong>pression, or downright misery. To<br />

judge by their verses it would appear that most Chinese artists had<br />

lived in sad times or painted their best works in me<strong>la</strong>ncholy moods.<br />

Both perhaps were true, but the frequency of these topics also reflects<br />

the strong Chinese tradition of using art to «speak one’s mind» (yenchih;<br />

speak one’s intent). This tradition reflects the Confucian belief in<br />

the power of the word, as embodied in the argument contained in the<br />

c<strong>la</strong>ssic Spring and Autumn Annals (Ch’un-ch’iu): a scho<strong>la</strong>r may right a<br />

wrong and «execute» the wrongdoer with words. In their quest for<br />

self-expression, scho<strong>la</strong>r-artists of the fourteenth century and <strong>la</strong>ter<br />

898 FONG Wen C., et alt, op. cit. p. 2: “Sin embargo, <strong>la</strong> literatura, caligrafía y <strong>pintura</strong> china –<strong>la</strong> última<br />

siendo con mucho <strong>la</strong> más joven <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s tres- no sólo tenían una historia individual e ininterrumpida, sino<br />

que también se <strong>de</strong>sarrol<strong>la</strong>ron con una tradición <strong>de</strong> fuerte carácter moral, un sentido <strong>de</strong>l fin espiritual y<br />

<strong>de</strong>l compromiso que todavía tiene en cuenta <strong>la</strong> libertad y <strong>la</strong> diversidad.”<br />

490

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