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últimas corrientes teóricas en los estudios de traducción - Gredos ...

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RUTH AMARILIS COTTO–SKIN, COLOR, SIZE & LOOKS: LA TRADUCCIÓN MULTICULTURAL<br />

In the animal world it indicates danger: the most colorful creatures are oft<strong>en</strong> the<br />

most poisonous: Color is also a way to attract an seduce a mate. In the human world color<br />

triggers many more complex and oft<strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong>adly reactions (ibid.: 132).<br />

Si analizamos la i<strong>de</strong>a <strong>de</strong> que la <strong>traducción</strong> precisa <strong>de</strong> la creatividad para<br />

complem<strong>en</strong>tar y <strong>en</strong>riquecer el m<strong>en</strong>saje cont<strong>en</strong>ido <strong>en</strong> el texto literario, el traductor literario<br />

podría consi<strong>de</strong>rarse un verda<strong>de</strong>ro creador a la hora <strong>de</strong> transferir <strong>los</strong> códigos raciales <strong>en</strong> The<br />

Story of My Body. Entre la diversidad <strong>de</strong> exig<strong>en</strong>cias que nos señala Selver a la hora <strong>de</strong><br />

id<strong>en</strong>tificarnos con una obra que nos guste, ya sea porque sea la más que se ajuste a nuestros<br />

gustos o prefer<strong>en</strong>cias, creo que hay dos que merec<strong>en</strong> m<strong>en</strong>cionarse: la exig<strong>en</strong>cia estética, es<br />

<strong>de</strong>cir cómo ha <strong>de</strong> reproducir el traductor <strong>en</strong> la nueva l<strong>en</strong>gua la fuerza, el valor peculiar, el<br />

s<strong>en</strong>tido implícito así como meram<strong>en</strong>te explícito, <strong>de</strong> lo que el autor original creó <strong>en</strong> su<br />

l<strong>en</strong>gua y cultura difer<strong>en</strong>tes. Tal es el caso <strong>de</strong>l término “prieto”, el traductor <strong>de</strong>be conocer a<br />

fondo lo que dicho término significa <strong>en</strong> la l<strong>en</strong>gua española coloquial <strong>en</strong> Puerto Rico.<br />

A pregnant woman could say, “I hope my baby doesn’t turn out ‘prieto’ (slang for<br />

‘dark’ or ‘black’) like my husband’s grandmother, although she was a good looking, negra in<br />

her time” (ibid.: 132).<br />

La mezcla <strong>de</strong> razas es el factor que <strong>de</strong>s<strong>en</strong>cad<strong>en</strong>a una nueva id<strong>en</strong>tidad cultural y el<br />

<strong>de</strong>s<strong>en</strong>volvimi<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong> ésta <strong>en</strong> un contexto social totalm<strong>en</strong>te difer<strong>en</strong>te.<br />

I am a combination of both, being olive-skinned – lighter than my mother yet<br />

darker than my fair-skinned father. In America, I am a person of color, obviously a Latina.<br />

On the Island I have called everything from a Paloma Blanca, after the song (by a black<br />

suitor) to la gringa (ibid.: 133).<br />

Des<strong>de</strong> la perspectiva <strong>de</strong>l discrim<strong>en</strong> racial, Cofer parte <strong>de</strong> su propia experi<strong>en</strong>cia<br />

My first experi<strong>en</strong>ce of color prejudice ocurred in a Supermarket in Paterson, New<br />

Jersey. It was Christmastime, and I was eight or nine years old. There was a display of toys<br />

in the store where I w<strong>en</strong>t two or three times a day to buy things for my mother, who never<br />

ma<strong>de</strong> lists but s<strong>en</strong>t for milk, cigarettes, a can of this or that, and she remembered from<br />

hour to hour. I <strong>en</strong>joyed being trusted with money and walking half a city block to the new,<br />

mo<strong>de</strong>rn grocery store. It was owned by three good-looking italian brothers. “Don’t come<br />

in here unless you gonna buy something. You PR kids hands on stuff. You always look<br />

dirty. But maybe dirty brown is your natural color” (ibid.: 135).<br />

Cofer recurre a la infancia con el fin <strong>de</strong>jar <strong>en</strong>trever cómo el proceso <strong>de</strong><br />

transculturización era un aspecto a <strong>de</strong>stacar por la figura paterna y reforzada a su vez por el<br />

medio ambi<strong>en</strong>te.<br />

It was a few days before Christmas, and my par<strong>en</strong>ts had already told my brother<br />

and me that since we were in Los Estados now, we would get our pres<strong>en</strong>ts on December<br />

25 instead of Los Reyes, Three Kings Day wh<strong>en</strong> gifts are exchanged in Puerto Rico. We<br />

were to give them a wish list that they would take to Santa Claus, who appar<strong>en</strong>tly lived in<br />

the Macy’s store downtown – at least that’s where we had cough a glimpse of him wh<strong>en</strong> we<br />

w<strong>en</strong>t shopping (ibid.: 134).<br />

Cofer no sólo <strong>en</strong>marca las comunida<strong>de</strong>s irlan<strong>de</strong>sa e italiana como dos grupos<br />

sociales dominantes <strong>en</strong>tre las comunida<strong>de</strong>s minoritarias <strong>de</strong> su <strong>en</strong>torno físico, más bi<strong>en</strong> nos<br />

aproxima hacia <strong>los</strong> estereotipos que giran <strong>en</strong> torno a el<strong>los</strong>. Cofer disculpa que la mayoría <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>los</strong> miembros <strong>de</strong> la comunidad italiana se <strong>de</strong>diqu<strong>en</strong> profesionalm<strong>en</strong>te a negocios <strong>de</strong><br />

charcutería Por ello, la apari<strong>en</strong>cia física <strong>de</strong> éstos es un resultado evid<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong> la labor diaria<br />

que <strong>de</strong>sempeñan.<br />

137

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