merged

The Study of Iron and Manganese Removal from Groundwater in Kampung
Budi, Kelantan
Muhammad Irfan Bin Ahmad
Supervisor: Dr. Sofiah Binti Hamzah
Bachelor of Technology (Environment)
School of Ocean Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Groundwater has been a major water resource in Kelantan. However, the main
problem for the last 20 years for the use of this groundwater sources are reddishcolored
water, caused by the presence of ferrous and manganese. This study aimed
to develop an economic filtration system for groundwater treatment in Kg. Budi,
Bachok, Kelantan. Mono-media sand with effective size of (D10) 0.5 mm, uniformity
coefficient (UC) 1.5 and the size range from 0.3 to 2.0 mm was used in a column
filtration system for groundwater treatment. The effects of filtration velocity towards
water quality and head loss were monitored. From the observation, the most optimum
velocity for this filtration system was at 4.38 m/h which able to remove 98-100% iron,
manganese and turbidity. Next, the head loss is directly proportionate to the flow
velocity. This study has proven that this mono-media sand filter can be an effective
and economical solution to remove iron and manganese from groundwater and also
achieve the drinking water quality standard which is safe to consume.
9 | U M T U N D E R G R A D U A T E R E S E A R C H D A Y 2019