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The Factors Those Affecting the Ship Stability While Carrying the Cargo
Which May Liquefy Especially Nickel Ore and Bauxites
Nor Hidayah Binti Ibrahim
Supervisor: Dr. Mohammed Ismail Russtam Suhrab
Bachelor of Science (Nautical Science and Maritime Transport)
School of Ocean Engineering
nhidayah.ibrahim96@gmail.com
Ship’s stability is one of the most vital and important element about safety of ship and
safety of navigation and it is governed by maritime laws same goes to maritime codes.
In this research, I am focusing on certain cargoes, which are nickel ore and bauxites.
During voyage the motion of ships especially rolling, engine and deck equipment vibration
will cause the cargo liquefaction due to the moisture content of the cargo. It is also related
to free surface effects which are happened in cargo hold. From 1988 to 2015, there have
been 24 suspected liquefaction incidents reported, which resulted in 164 casualties and
loss of 18 vessels. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to
the loss of ship stability while shipping the liquefy cargo, especially for nickel ore and
bauxite and in order to make some recommendations to shipping company and shipper
for reducing ship casualties for carrying cargo which may liquefy, especially for nickel ore
and bauxite.
Keyword- Ship stability, liquefaction, free surface effects
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