12.07.2015 Views

la generación de tiempo y aspecto en inglés y español

la generación de tiempo y aspecto en inglés y español

la generación de tiempo y aspecto en inglés y español

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Juan Rafael Zamorano Mansil<strong>la</strong>D<strong>en</strong>tro <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> refer<strong>en</strong>cia estructural al pasado po<strong>de</strong>mos <strong>en</strong>contrar situaciones estativas y situacionestípicam<strong>en</strong>te dinámicas conceptualizadas como propieda<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>l mundo, al igual queocurría con el Pres<strong>en</strong>te:(1) I was kind of like in the middle(2) The sixties were in full swing and we all lived, whether we like it or not, in a permissive society.(3) There followed severe repression with the aim of terrifying the recalcitrant, and mutinousprincelings usually paid for their revolt by <strong>de</strong>ath on a gibbet(4) If the natives were “disobedi<strong>en</strong>t”, they were subjected to force of arms. The t<strong>en</strong>ts of the “disobedi<strong>en</strong>t”were burnt down, their wives and daughters were tak<strong>en</strong> into captivity, their furstores were ransacked.No obstante el empleo <strong>de</strong>l Pasado para <strong>de</strong>scribir propieda<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>l mundo no implica necesariam<strong>en</strong>teque <strong>la</strong> propiedad predicada sea únicam<strong>en</strong>te válida <strong>en</strong> mundos anteriores. En muchasocasiones esto es así, <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> luego, como ocurre <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong>s oraciones (1-4). Pero <strong>en</strong> otras ocasioneses fácil comprobar que <strong>la</strong> propiedad predicada sigue si<strong>en</strong>do verdad <strong>en</strong> el mundo actual, comoes el caso <strong>de</strong> los sigui<strong>en</strong>tes ejemplos:(5) The earlier workers thought that the boring was achieved simply by the mechanical scrapingaction of the radu<strong>la</strong>(6) Well I thought it was done like the army, army volunteer line(7) Oh, she goes college! -Whoops! -I thought she w<strong>en</strong>t to school.(8) Any rate I said we were very much alive.(9) How old was she?(10) Did his mum and dad live round here?Las situaciones que aparec<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong> estas oraciones son realizadas por el Pasado <strong>de</strong>bido a quemanti<strong>en</strong><strong>en</strong> una fuerte conexión <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> m<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong>l hab<strong>la</strong>nte con mundos anteriores, por más que222

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