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O Estado oculto - Repositorio Institucional da USC - Universidade ...

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consecuencia, encontrar herramientas para mitigar los factores de desestabilización y<br />

crisis.<br />

Wallerstein e outros (1996, 34-35) observan a este respecto:<br />

The enormous strength of the U.S. vis-à-vis all other states affected profoundly<br />

the definition of what were the most urgent issues to be addressed, and what were the<br />

most suitable ways of addressing them. The overwhelming economic advantage of the<br />

U.S. in the fifteen to twenty-five years following the Second World War meant that, for a<br />

while at least, social scientific activity was located primarily within U.S. institutions to an<br />

unusual degree, and this of course affected how priorities were defined by social<br />

scientists. [...]<br />

[...]<br />

[...] The major powers, largely stimulated by the cold war, began to invest in big<br />

science, and this investment was extended to the social sciences. [...]<br />

[...] Thus, the economic expansion reinforced the worldwide legitimation within<br />

social science of the scientific paradigms that underlay the technological achievements<br />

behind it.<br />

O funcionalismo e as esixencias <strong>da</strong> estabili<strong>da</strong>de xeopolítica<br />

As teorías <strong>da</strong> modernización e a investigación sobre o desenvolvemento<br />

naceron, como vimos, no contexto <strong>da</strong> Guerra Fría, marcado polos cambios, a<br />

incerteza e os temores provocados pola descolonización. As actitudes<br />

dominantes nos <strong>Estado</strong>s Unidos verbo do Terceiro Mundo e verbo de Europa<br />

respondían a unha única idea: estas áreas podían converterse en comunistas<br />

se os <strong>Estado</strong>s Unidos non fomentaban o seu progreso e a súa firmeza política.<br />

O campo <strong>da</strong> politoloxía dedicoulle os seus esforzos basicamente ao<br />

mantemento <strong>da</strong> estabili<strong>da</strong>de xeopolítica <strong>da</strong> nova superpotencia e propuxo<br />

como ingredientes <strong>da</strong> modernización o crecemento económico, o apoio a<br />

sectores como o militar, a urbanización, a mellora <strong>da</strong>s comunicacións, a<br />

transformación dos valores e <strong>da</strong> cultura política, o desenvolvemento do sistema<br />

de partidos políticos e <strong>da</strong> burocracia, as institucións representativas, o<br />

pluralismo, a estabili<strong>da</strong>de política, un estilo non ideolóxico e unha política<br />

exterior proamericana. En síntese, e segundo Schmitz e Sell (1999, 24), o<br />

98

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