12.04.2013 Views

O Estado oculto - Repositorio Institucional da USC - Universidade ...

O Estado oculto - Repositorio Institucional da USC - Universidade ...

O Estado oculto - Repositorio Institucional da USC - Universidade ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

financeira e terratenente do país. Da<strong>da</strong> a longa duración dunha ditadura<br />

caracteriza<strong>da</strong> pola súa coordinación imperativa por parte de Franco –o ditador<br />

ao servizo <strong>da</strong>s clases dirixentes tradicionais, que monopolizou a autori<strong>da</strong>de<br />

política: era o xefe do <strong>Estado</strong>, do Goberno, <strong>da</strong>s forzas arma<strong>da</strong>s e <strong>da</strong> coalición<br />

política reaccionario-fascista chama<strong>da</strong> Movimiento Nacional– e polos seus 40<br />

anos de tranquila dominación, acabou por formarse unha única clase dirixente<br />

integra<strong>da</strong> tamén, entre outros, polos latifundistas an<strong>da</strong>luces e mais polas<br />

burguesías financeiras e industriais catalá e vasca. Os fascistas eran uns<br />

compañeiros de viaxe tan necesarios como incómodos, cuxas fervorosas<br />

deman<strong>da</strong>s dun control estatal autárquico <strong>da</strong> economía, dunha revolución<br />

nacionalsindicalista e dun <strong>Estado</strong> corporativo foron diluí<strong>da</strong>s con moita<br />

efectivi<strong>da</strong>de mediante a súa implicación nas tarefas políticas, gobernamentais e<br />

administrativas. Unha vez persoalmente interesados na duración do statu quo<br />

(e nos privilexios que del se derivaban para eles, que se concretaron nun<br />

enriquecemento impune a través <strong>da</strong> moi estendi<strong>da</strong> cleptocracia, <strong>da</strong> corrupción<br />

municipal e dos botíns <strong>da</strong> guerra), aos fascistas domesticados deixou de lles<br />

urxir a revolución.<br />

Giner (1971, 126) retrata a situación no momento final <strong>da</strong> Guerra Civil<br />

Española do seguinte xeito:<br />

[...] the patterns of class dominance were extremely clear cut. The upper classes were<br />

everywhere in power: the threat of agrarian reform had ceased to be a nightmare for the<br />

great latifundia landlords, while the industrialists and the financial bourgeoisie had<br />

nothing to fear from a working class whose leaders had been decimated, driven into<br />

exile or imprisoned, and their political and trade union organizations outlawed.<br />

[...] the modernization of society, which had begun to gather momentum under<br />

the auspices of the Republic, came to a halt. Agrarian reform was shelved. Any social<br />

conflict that could be remotely related to class was ignored and to this end a ‘vertical’ or<br />

corporatist trade union organization, the Sindicato Vertical was set up. The idea of help<br />

and charity to the needy supplanted the true spirit of welfare state action that had<br />

imbued the social policies of the republican years. In a word, social change in the<br />

direction of a more open society was everywhere halted.<br />

Pero as circunstancias cambiaron ao longo dun réxime de tanta<br />

duración, como explican Giner e Sevilla-Guzmán (1980, 210-211). Unha vez<br />

387

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!