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O Estado oculto - Repositorio Institucional da USC - Universidade ...

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per<strong>da</strong> de intensi<strong>da</strong>de dos movementos revolucionarios anticapitalistas, o que<br />

se manifesta nunha aceptación xeneraliza<strong>da</strong> do modelo económico e político<br />

existente e nun alto grao de colaboración interclasista para o sostemento do<br />

sistema.<br />

Para Cawson (1985b, 225), o corporatismo “seems to require a state<br />

system which is strong enough to preserve its autonomy from societal interests,<br />

yet not strong enough for an independent conception of a transcendent interest<br />

to be enforced upon society in a directive mode without the participation of<br />

interest organizations”. Isto conduce a unhas implicacións institucionais que<br />

Parri (1987, 70-71) describe co termo intercambio político, co que se describe a<br />

relación entre o <strong>Estado</strong> e as corporacións que ten lugar no proceso de<br />

formación e de implementación de políticas públicas e na que se produce un<br />

intercambio recíproco de recursos de poder: (a) o <strong>Estado</strong> dispón de recursos<br />

coercitivos, materiais e simbólicos, e (b) as corporacións dispoñen de recursos<br />

económicos, organizativos e ideolóxicos. Polo tanto, hai arranxos corporatistas<br />

sempre que se <strong>da</strong>n relacións institucionaliza<strong>da</strong>s nas que o <strong>Estado</strong> e as<br />

corporacións cooperan dun xeito estábel para formar e implementar decisións,<br />

o que eleva substancialmente o status político <strong>da</strong>s corporacións.<br />

Tamén Williamson (1989, 67) se achega ás implicacións institucionais do<br />

corporatismo:<br />

competition among interest associations is no longer open; these associations are to<br />

some degree institutionally dependent on the state and consequently have to check<br />

their behaviour; the membership of associations is significantly wedded to the<br />

organizations through pressures to join and the absence of alternative channels, which<br />

itself suggests that they are under some form of control by the leadership; the<br />

associations are no longer purely private but quasi-public in their functions; and group<br />

politics is mediated through hierarchies of authority rather than structures based on the<br />

sovereignty of the constituents.<br />

Despois, o mesmo autor (Williamson, 1989, 68) propón un modelo formal<br />

de corporatismo articulado en seis puntos:<br />

1 Organized interests representing functional interests show a tendency towards a<br />

position of monopoly.<br />

295

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